Which line is an anaphora?

Erklärung: Anaphora repeats the same words at the start of successive clauses (Churchill, 4 June 1940). The tongue-twister is alliteration; Kennedy's line is a chiasmus (A–B / B–A).

Which line is a tricolon?

Erklärung: A tricolon is a sequence of three parallel elements (Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, 1863). The question is rhetorical; "I have a dream" becomes anaphora only through its repetition.

Which headline frames a tax change most negatively?

Erklärung: Framing selects and colours aspects of an issue: "grabs" and "hard-earned" cast the state as a thief. Headline 2 is neutral; headline 3 frames the same change positively through its purpose.

Which word choice presents the same people most sympathetically?

Erklärung: "flood" is a dehumanising water metaphor; "illegals" reduces people to a legal status. "refugees fleeing war" names a reason and keeps them human agents. Lexical choice carries the stance.

Which sentence belongs in a formal letter of application?

Erklärung: Formal register avoids contractions, phrasal and slang forms and uses Latinate vocabulary (opportunity, discuss). All three are "correct" English — they differ in register, not in grammar.

A British speaker says "I'm going to the chemist's to get some plasters." What would an American speaker most likely say?

Erklärung: British chemist's / plasters ↔ American drugstore (or pharmacy) / Band-Aids. American "plaster" is the material on walls. Varieties differ in vocabulary, not in correctness.

Which sentence uses the passive to hide who is responsible?

Erklärung: The agentless passive removes the doer from the sentence — a classic political move (Fairclough calls such choices "hidden power"). The other two name the agent.

Which phrase is a euphemism?

Erklärung: A euphemism replaces a harsh term with a softer, vaguer one. "collateral damage" turns killed civilians into an abstract by-product.

"He don't know nothing" is simply bad English with no rules behind it.

Erklärung: Many varieties of English use multiple negation and "don't" for all persons systematically — as Chaucer and Shakespeare did. It is non-standard, not rule-less. Calling a variety "wrong" is a judgement about its speakers' social status.

In "Do we really want our children to grow up in a country like this?", the speaker expects the audience to answer aloud.

Erklärung: It is a rhetorical question: the answer ("No!") is implied, which draws the audience into the speaker's position without an argument.

Name the device: "I have a dream that one day … I have a dream that one day …" → ___

Erklärung: Anaphora (Greek ἀναφορά, "carrying back"). Martin Luther King repeats "I have a dream" eight times in his 1963 speech.

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